net-tools
is an old suite of network-related tools
- netstat (for looking at open sockets, and the routing table)
- ifconfig (interface config, for managing wired network interfaces)
- iwconfig (same but for wireless interfaces)
- route (for managing the routing table)
- iptunnel (for creating tunnels)
- arp (for managing the ARP cache) (Address Resolution Protocol)
iproute2
iproute2
superceded net-tools
, and includes more modern utilities
- ss (for looking at sockets)
- ip (for doing almost everything)
- ip route (manage routing tables)
- ip address (manage ip addresses)
- ip neigh (manage ARP cache)
- ip tunnel (manage tunnels)
- iw (managing wireless interfaces)
ip
manages many many aspects of linux networking
ip route
= manage your routing table (try ip -c route
)
ip netns
= manage network namespaces (try ip netns exec clab-www-pc1 ip -c route
)
ip address
= manage ip addresses (don’t forget -c
for colour - ip -c address
)
ip neigh
= manage ARP cache. (Other hosts in the same layer 2 network are your neigh
bours.)
ip -c neigh
= with colour!
ss
gives us information about SOCKETS
- a socket is a channel for communicating with a process
- can be network sockets or unix sockets
- (we only care about network sockets right now)
ss -t -l
= listening TCP sockets
ss -t -a
= listening and non-listening TCP sockets
ss -u -l
= listening UDP sockets
ss -t | grep ssh
= show active ssh connections